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Washington—theCapitalof theUSa Вашингтон— Столиця СШа
theUSa
Вашингтон—
Столиця СШа
Washington, the capital of the USA,
was founded in 1791.
The city was named after the first
president George Washington.
The population of the city is nearly
three million people.
The Capitol is the centre of the city.
It was built according to the plans of
William Thornton, who was an amateur
architect.
It is situated on Capitol Hill.
The Base of Industry
The greatest part of America’s
heavy industry depends upon three
resources: iron ore from the Lake
Superior area, coal from western
Pennsylvania, and transportation
across the Great Lakes District.
Steel making is basic, but there are
many other related industries in this
area, too: glass, nonferrous metals,
chemicals, rubber, and machine
building industries.
Pittsburgh is the first of the great steel
cities.
New england
Boston is located in a region which
early became an important centre of
industry.
It was primarily an import and export
city for the northeastern corner of the
country.
This stormy land became the
“workshop of the nation”.
Today it makes many machine tools
and heavy electrical motors, looms
for weaving cloth, and other precision
instruments.
Farms along the Connecticut river spe
cialize in tobacco growing.
In thinly populated Maine, potato
farming is combined with lumbering
or fishing.
Throughout the whole of New
England, there is also a widely
developed tourist industry which
invites holidaymakers to the forests,
mountains, and sea both in cool
summers and snowy winters.
Cities of the Sea
The sea means much to the industrial
Northeast.
The coast northward from Long Island
borders on one of the world’s “fish
bowls”, and the area rich in the tiny
plants and animals that support a fish
life.
Along this coast there are many little
fishing towns and several busy fishing
ports.
The north east
The“MeltingPot”
The skyscrapers of New York
City, the steel mills of Pittsburgh,
the automobile assembly lines of
Detroit… these symbols of industrial
America belong to this region.
Millions of Europeans immigrated to
this industrial area.
It became known as the “melting
pot”, the fusion of people from many
nations into Americans.
World WarI
When the war broke out in Europe in
1914, Americans declared neutrality.
However, this proved to be a difficult
policy.
Several events led to the involvement
of America in the war, including the
sinking of the British passenger
liner Lusitania on May 7, 1915 by the
Germans, resulting in the deaths
of 128 Americans and long strikes
against American ships in 1917.
The Civil War
The purpose of the Civil War was to
restore the Union of the Individual
states and to preserve the Constitution.
However, Congress was determined
to make emancipation (freeing of the
slaves) the primary issue of the war.
Just before the outbreak of the Civil
War, two issues faced the nation.
The first was the freeing of the slaves,
which the Southerners believed was
a loss of property.
The second issue was the right of
secession (the withdrawal of a state
from the Union).
The Constitution was an agreement
between the states, so therefore each
state had the right to leave the Union
when they pleased.
These issues divided the nation.
In February of 1861, the Confederation
states of America was formed.
It consisted of South Caroline, North
Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia,
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisi
ana, Arcansas and Texas.
The Colonies
European people came to the New
World for many reasons.
Some, like Columbus, came looking
for new trade routes, others were
seeking fortune, many of them were
missionaries who wanted to convert
the Native Americans.
The most wellknown first settlers
were the Pilgrims.
The Pilgrims came seeking religious
freedom.
They founded the Plymouth colony in
Massachusetts in 1620.
The Pilgrims originated from England.
The trip across the ocean was terribly
unpleasant.
They had little food and fresh water.
They arrived at the Mayflower in the
winter of 1620, in the north east of
America.
Discovery
“In 1492 Columbus sailed Ocean
Blue”.
This little rhyme many American
children learn to remember the
date when Christopher Columbus
“discovered” America.
Was Christopher Columbus really the
first person to discover the continent
and return home to tell about it?
Probably not, but he was the first to re
turn to Europe and tell all about what
he believed to be a new route to Asia.
an episode from the History of the USa
of the USa
The most prominent episode from the
history of the USA is the formation of
the state itself.
The growing independence and
economic strength of colonies
disturbed Great Britain.
The colonies were viewed as a source
of raw materials and a market for
England alone.
After the Seven Years’ War (1756—1763)
the British Government increased its pres
sure on the colonies and put al possible
obstacles in the way of their independent
industrial development and trade.
It imposed new taxes and duties,
which affected the interests of the
colonists.